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2017 Hydroformability of Advanced High Strength Steels through FEA

Hydroforming has been increasingly exploited by automotive industry due to several advantages such as more homogeneous deformation of workpiece, uniform thickness distribution, better surface properties due to lack of forming tool – workpiece contact interaction, etc. Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS), on the other hand, have unique properties that make them prominent near-future solution in lightweighting, and improved safety efforts for auto industry. Current study, is aimed for investigating the hydroformability of DP 600, DP 800, and TRIP 780 advanced high strength steel (AHSS) grades at room temperature. To this goal, FEA of hydroforming process was modeled in which AHSS sheets were hydroformed into a closed die cavity with a non-axisymmetric geometry. 3D FE model of hydroforming process was established and validated with commercial FEA package Ls-Dyna. Process parameters (e.g. hydroforming pressure, blank holder force, etc.) were optimized using Ls-Opt, an artificial neural network (ANN) based optimization module integrated into Ls-Dyna, to compare the formability of AHSS steels. Thickness reduction (TR) of formed sheets and die cavity filling ratio (CFR) were taken as control parameters. Optimum hydroformability was obtained with the combination of 800 kN blank holder force and 25 MPa hydraulic pressure. Moreover, DP 600 has shown the highest hydroformability when TR and CFR values were compared.

International Iron & Steel Symposium
UDCS

Doğan ACAR Ömer Necati CORA

255 207
Subject Area: Materials Science Broadcast Area: International Type: Oral Paper Language: English
2018 Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Upsetting of AA6082-T6 Alloy at Room Temperature

Friction between die and workpiece is a complex phenomenon in metal forming operations. This study aimed to investigate the frictional and deformation conditions of AA6082-T6 alloy during its upsetting. To this goal, 3 samples were prepared from cylindrical billets with 50 mm in height and 20 mm in diameter. Then, samples were compressed to 60% of their initial heights using a hydraulic press with 60 kN maximum capacity at room temperature achieving strain level of 0.4-0.6. During upsetting tests, the upper plate displacement velocity was set to 5 mm/min. It was noted that the material failed above deformation level of 59.6%. The force by means of hydraulic press was applied to the specimens till the initial heights of billets were reduced by 60% step by step. In each step, approximately 10% reduction of initial height was performed and specimen dimensions (height, and diameter) were measured, and true strain and stress values were calculated using Holloman equation (Eq.1), where is the true stress (MPa), K is the strength coefficient (MPa), is the true strain, and is the strain-hardening exponent:

International Symposium on Light Alloys and Composite Materials
UHAKS

Alparslan TOPCU Ömer Necati CORA

272 189
Subject Area: Chemistry Broadcast Area: International Type: Oral Paper Language: English
2018 Formability Enhancement of AA5754-O Aluminium Alloy via Double-sided Hydroforming

In the current study, enhancement of formability of AA 5754-O aluminium alloy sheets via double-sided hydroforming process is investigated. Double-sided hydroforming process is a manufacturing process which increases the formability and surface quality of the workpiece. Hydraulic bulge experimental results obtained in authors’ earlier studies and tensile tests of AA 5754-O sheets were used as reference in the construction and validation of finite element (FE) model for double-sided hydroforming process. Dome height and sheet thickness distribution of formed workpiece in both hydraulic bulging and double-sided hydroforming was used formability evaluation criteria. Furthermore, applied pressure values for both side of the workpiece is optimized in order to achieve even higher formability. Constructed FE model showed good agreement with experimental data. Results showed that double-sided hydroforming resulted with higher formability when compared to hydraulic bulging.

International Symposium on Light Alloys and Composite Materials
UHAKS

Doğan ACAR Ömer Necati CORA

265 243
Subject Area: Chemistry Broadcast Area: International Type: Oral Paper Language: English
2018 Solid Particle Erosion Performance of Ti-6Al-4V as Erosion Shield Material

Erosion shield is an add-on structural component which is used to reduce the effect of solid particle erosion (SPE) on helicopter rotor blade especially during take-off and landing of helicopters. Current study aimed for revealing the erosion resistance performance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy erosion shield material under different erodent impact velocities (70, 150 and 200 m/s) and impact angles (20°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°). Crushed and sharp-edged quartz sand particles in 250 µm nominal diameter were used as erodent. Experiments were performed per MIL- STD-3033 standard. Maximum erosion rate was obtained at 20° impact angle while it increases with increasing impact velocity.

International Symposium on Light Alloys and Composite Materials
UHAKS

Doğan ACAR Ömer Necati CORA

279 289
Subject Area: Chemistry Broadcast Area: International Type: Oral Paper Language: English
2018 Zn-22Al Alaşımının Mikro Derin Çekilebilirliğine Zımba Hızının Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Zn-22Al alaşımı, düşük maliyeti ve kurşun, alüminyum ve pirinç alaşımlarına göre çevre dostu olması sebebiyle ekstrüzyon, derin çekme, dövme ve haddeleme gibi imalat yöntemlerinde tercih edilen bir malzemedir [1, 2]. Bunun yanı sıra, tane boyutunun ultra ince seviyelere (100 nm- 1 μm) indirilmesi ile oda sıcaklığında süperplastik özellik gösterebilmesi de, bu alaşımın yukarıda bahsettiğimiz imalat yöntemlerinde kullanılmasını yaygınlaştırmaktadır. Günümüzde, mikro elektro mekanik sistemlerde kullanılan parçaların üretildiği bir yöntem olan derin çekme yöntemi, mikro boyuttaki parçaların imalatı için uygun bir yöntemdir [3]. Mikro derin çekme yönteminde zımba hızı, derin çekme oranı ve yağlayıcı seçimi önemli üretim parametrelerindendir. Bu çalışma, mikro derin çekme işlemindeki farklı zımba hızlarının oda sıcaklığında süperplastik özellik gösteren Zn-22Al alaşımının mikro derin çekilebilirliğine etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu amaçla, ilk olarak %99 saflıkta Zn ve %99 saflıkta Al alaşımından belirli oranlarda tartılarak kokil kalıba döküm yöntemiyle Zn-22Al alaşımı üretilmiştir. Sonra alaşım, 375°C’de 24 saat homojenizasyon tavlamasına tabi tutulmuş ve havada soğutulmuştur. Daha sonra ise, talaşlı imalat yöntemiyle 13x13x120 mm3 boyutlarında eş kanallı açısal ekstrüzyon numuneleri (EKAE) elde edilmiştir. Söz konusu numuneler EKAE öncesi 48 saat süreyle 375°C’de ikinci bir homojenizasyon tavlamasına tabi tutulmuş ve suda soğutulmuştur. EKAE işlemi, 350 °C kalıp sıcaklığında rota Bc takip edilerek 4 paso ve oda sıcaklığında rota Bc takip edilerek 4 paso şeklinde, toplamda 8 kademede gerçekleştirilmiştir. EKAE işlemleri sonucunda elde edilen numunenin tane boyutu 200 nm olarak ölçülmüştür. Bu değer, literatürde Zn-22Al alaşımı için elde edilen en küçük tane boyutudur [4]. Alaşımın mikro derin çekilebilirliğini incelemek amacıyla EKAE numunesinden tel elektro-erozyon yöntemi ile ekstrüzyon doğrultusuna dik kesitten 0,6 mm kalınlıkta ve 10 mm sac çapında mikro derin çekme numuneleri çıkarılmıştır. Mikro derin çekme işlemi için yeni bir düzenek tasarlanmış ve imalatı gerçekleştirilmiştir (Şekil 1(a)). Bu yeni düzenek, Instron 3382 çekme-basma cihazına bağlanarak mikro derin çekme deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneyler, 1,66 derin çekme oranında ve 0,5 mm/s, 0,05 mm/s ve 0,005 mm/s hızlarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mikro derin çekme deneyleri sonucunda zımba hızının artmasıyla şekillendirme için gerekli olan kuvvetin arttığı (Şekil 1 (b)) ve elde edilen numune boyunun azaldığı tespit edilmiştir (Şekil 2).

International Symposium on Light Alloys and Composite Materials
UHAKS

Mehmet Emin Çetin Ömer Necati CORA Hasan Sofuoğlu

281 173
Subject Area: Chemistry Broadcast Area: International Type: Oral Paper Language: English